Pushing Methods

Here are some articles on the differences between coached pushing vs. self-directed pushing, as well as risks and benefits. 

https://pelvicpainrehab.com/female-pelvic-pain/3464/coached-pushing-vs-maternal-pushing/

https://www.cochrane.org/CD009124/PREG_pushing-methods-second-stage-labour

http://aimsireland.ie/looking-at-the-evidence-for-birthing-your-baby-self-directed-vs-coached-pushing/

https://evidencebasedbirth.com/evidence-birthing-positions/

The position and manner of breathing while pushing makes a big difference in the outcome. See below for links to Instagram posts that discuss the method of breathing while pushing and ways to reduce tearing. These instagram accounts in general have a lot of great info!!

Open Glottis vs. Closed

Reducing Risk of Tearing